【英文标准名称】:StandardPracticeforIrradiationofFreshandFrozenRedMeatandPoultrytoControlPathogensandOtherMicroorganisms
【原文标准名称】:控制新鲜和冷冻瘦肉和家禽病原体和其它微生物的辐照标准方法
【标准号】:ASTMF1356-2008
【标准状态】:现行
【国别】:美国
【发布日期】:2008
【实施或试行日期】:
【发布单位】:美国材料与试验协会(US-ASTM)
【起草单位】:E10.01
【标准类型】:(Guide)
【标准水平】:()
【中文主题词】:
【英文主题词】:bacteria;cattle;chicken;duck;electronbeam;equine;gammaradiation;goat;goose;guinea;HACCP;horse;irradiation;labeling;meat;microorganisms;mule;packaging;parasites;pathogens;pigeons;poultry;processing;sheep;swine;turkey;X-radiation
【摘要】:Theprincipalpurposeofirradiationistocontrol(reducethenumberof)pathogenicbacteriainfreshorfrozenredmeatandpoultrytoensurethesafetyofthesefoodsforhumanconsumption.IrradiationsignificantlyreducesthenumbersofvegetativepathogenicbacteriasuchasCampylobacter,Escherichiacoli,Listeria,Salmonella,Staphylococcusaureus,orYersiniaenterocolitica.TheprocessalsoinactivatesparasitessuchasTrichinellaspiralisandToxoplasmagondii.Theprocessmayextendtheshelflifeoffreshredmeatandpoultrybyreducingthenumbersofviable,vegetativespoilagebacteria,suchasPseudomonasspecies.Radiationprocessingoffreshandfrozenredmeatandpoultryisacriticalcontrolpoint(CCP)ofaHazardAnalysisofCriticalControlPoints(HACCP)program.Itservesasanimportantmeasuretocontrolanyresidualriskfrompathogenicmicroorganismsbeforetheproductreachestheconsumer.1.1Thispracticeoutlinesproceduresfortheirradiationoffreshorfrozenmeatandpoultry.Note18212;TheCodexAlimentariusCommissiondefinesmeatasx201C;theediblepartofanymammalx201D;andpoultryasx201C;anydomesticatedbird,includingchicken,turkeys,ducks,geese,guinea-fowls,orpigeonsx201D;(CAC/MISC5).Note28212;CurrentU.S.regulationslimitthedefinitionoflivestockspeciestocattle,sheep,swine,goat,horse,mule,orotherequineandpoultryspeciestochicken,turkey,duck,goose,andguinea(2,3).1.2Thispracticecoversabsorbeddosesusedforinactivationofparasitesandreductionofbacterialloadinfreshandfrozenredmeatandpoultry.Suchdosesaretypicallylessthan10kGy.1.3Thispracticeaddressesirradiationofpre-packagedproductforretailsaleorforuseasaningredientinotherproducts.Italsoaddressesthein-lineirradiationofunpackagedproduct.1.4Thisstandarddoesnotpurporttoaddressallofthesafetyconcerns,ifany,associatedwithitsuse.Itistheresponsibilityoftheuserofthisstandardtoestablishappropriatesafetyandhealthpracticesanddeterminetheapplicabilityofregulatorylimitationspriortouse.
【中国标准分类号】:X08
【国际标准分类号】:67_120_10
【页数】:7P.;A4
【正文语种】:英语


【英文标准名称】:StandardSpecificationforSeamlessandWeldedAusteniticStainlessSteelTubing(Small-Diameter)forGeneralService
【原文标准名称】:通用无缝和焊接奥氏体不锈钢管(小直径)标准规范
【标准号】:ASTMA632-2004
【标准状态】:现行
【国别】:美国
【发布日期】:2004
【实施或试行日期】:
【发布单位】:美国材料与试验协会(ASTM)
【起草单位】:ASTM
【标准类型】:()
【标准水平】:()
【中文主题词】:尺寸;奥氏体钢;焊接的;焊接;不锈的;管道;管;钢
【英文主题词】:welding;steels;welded;pipes;dimensions;pipelines;austeniticsteels;stainless
【摘要】:
【中国标准分类号】:H48
【国际标准分类号】:23_040_40;23_040_10
【页数】:4P;A4
【正文语种】:英语