Product Code:SAE AS9489
Title:Bolt, Machine - Hexagon Head, Full, Shank, Corrosion and Heat Resistant Steel, Uns S66286, 130 Ksi Min, .190-32 Unjf-3a
Issuing Committee:E-25 General Standards For Aerospace And Propulsion Systems
Scope:No scope available.【英文标准名称】:StandardTerminologyforExpressingConclusionsofForensicDocumentExaminers
【原文标准名称】:法庭文件复审人表示结论用标准术语
【标准号】:ASTME1658-2008
【标准状态】:现行
【国别】:美国
【发布日期】:2008
【实施或试行日期】:
【发布单位】:美国材料与试验协会(US-ASTM)
【起草单位】:E30.02
【标准类型】:(Terminology)
【标准水平】:()
【中文主题词】:
【英文主题词】:Conclusions;Documentexaminers;Forensicdocumentexaminers;Forensicinvestigation/analysis;Terminology--forensicanalysis
【摘要】:Documentexaminersbeginexaminationsfromapointofneutrality.Thereareaninfinitenumberofgradationsofopiniontowardanidentificationortowardanelimination.Itisinthosecaseswhereintheopinionislessthandefinitethatcarefulattentionisespeciallyneededinthechoiceoflanguageusedtoconveytheweightoftheevidence.Commonsensedictatesthatwemustlimittheterminologyweuseinexpressingourdegreesofconfidenceintheevidencetotermsthatarereadilyunderstandabletothosewhouseourservices(includinginvestigators,attorneys,judges,andjurymembers),aswellastootherdocumentexaminers.Theexpressionsusedtodifferentiatethegradationsofopinionsshouldnotbeconsideredasstronglydefinedx201C;categoriesx201D;.Theseexpressionsshouldbeguidelineswithoutsharplydefinedboundaries.Whenaforensicdocumentexaminerchoosestouseoneofthetermsdefinedbelow,thelistenerorreadercanassumethatthisiswhattheexaminerintendedthetermtomean.Toavoidthepossibilityofmisinterpretationofatermwheretheexpertisnotpresenttoexplaintheguidelinesinthisstandard,theappropriatedefinition(s)couldbequotedinorappendedtoreports.Theexamplesaregivenbothinthefirstpersonandinthirdpersonsincebothmethodsofreportingareusedbydocumentexaminersandsincebothformsmeetthemainpurposeofthestandard,i.e.,tosuggestterminologythatisreadilyunderstandable.Theseexamplesshouldnotberegardedastheonlywaystoutilizeprobabilitystatementsinreportsandtestimony.Infollowinganyguidelines,theexaminershouldalwaysbearinmindthatsometimestheexaminationwillleadintopathsthatcannotbeanticipatedandthatnoguidelinescancoverexactly.Althoughthematerialthatfollowsdealswithhandwriting,forensicdocumentexaminersmayapplythisterminologytootherexaminationswithinthescopeoftheirwork,asdescribedinGuideE444,anditmaybeusedbyforensicexaminersinotherareas,asappropriate.Thisstandarddoesnotpurporttoaddressallofthesafetyconcerns,ifany,associatedwithitsuse.Itistheresponsibilityoftheuserofthisstandardtoestablishappropriatesafetyandhealthpracticesanddeterminetheapplicabilityofregulatorylimitationspriortouse.1.1Thisterminologyisintendedtoassistforensicdocumentexaminersinexpressingconclusionsoropinionsbasedontheirexaminations.1.2ThetermsinthisterminologyarebasedonthereportofacommitteeoftheQuestionedDocumentSectionoftheAmericanAcademyofForensicSciencethatwasadoptedastherecommendedguidelinesinreportsandtestimonybytheQuestionedDocumentSectionoftheAmericanAcademyofForensicScienceandtheAmericanBoardofForensicDocumentExaminers.
【中国标准分类号】:A22
【国际标准分类号】:01_040_11
【页数】:3P.;A4
【正文语种】:英语